File:Types of flow analysis in fluid mechanics.svg
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Summary
| Description |
English: Example of the different types of flow analysis encountered in fluid mechanics, for a flow past a partly-stalled, flapped airfoil.
Far away from the airfoil, frictional effects within the fluid can be neglected. It is then customary to calculate pressure, speed and (in the case of compressible flow) density distribution using potential flow theory.
In the close vicinity of the airfoil, viscous friction is the dominating effect determining fluid behavior. Is is then customary to calculate fluid trajectory and predict transition and separation points using boundary layer theory. Pressure across (but not along) the boundary layer is uniform to a good approximation.
In separated and turbulent wake areas, neither potential flow nor boundary layer theory assumptions hold. This unsteady area is home to complex, unpredictable flow patterns and is usually studied using wind tunnel observations.
Note: boundary layer thickness is greatly exaggerated for illustration purposes, its border is not a streamline; all flow patterns in this figure are merely for illustrative purposes.Français : Exemple illustrant les différentes méthodes analytiques en mécanique des fluides, autour d’un profil d’aile avec volet partiellement décroché.
Loin autour du profil, les effets de viscosité (friction interne) du fluide peuvent être négligés. Il est alors de coutume de calculer la pression, la vitesse, et (dans le cas des écoulements compressibles) la masse volumique du fluide en utilisant la théorie des écoulements à potentiel de vitesse.
À grande proximité du profil, ce sont les effets visqueux qui gouvernent le comportement du fluide. Il est alors coutumier de calculer la trajectoire du fluide, ainsi que de prédire les points de transition et de séparation, en utilisant la théorie de la couche limite. La pression au travers (mais non le long) de la couche limite est quasiment uniforme.
Dans les zones de séparation et de sillage turbulent, les hypothèses de la théorie des écoulements à potentiel de vitesse et de la théorie de la couche limite perdent leur validité. Cette zone instable, qui est le siège d’écoulements complexes et difficiles à prévoir, est usuellement étudiée au travers d’essais en soufflerie.
Note: la taille de la couche limite est grandement exagérée pour illustration, et sa limite n’est pas une ligne de courant. Les écoulements décrits dans cette figure sont purement illustratifs. |
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| Source |
Own work  This W3C-unspecified vector image was created with Inkscape . |
| Author | Olivier Cleynen |
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| current | 13:25, 29 March 2012 | | 1,155 × 609 (6 KB) | wikimediacommons>Ariadacapo | Removed "A, B, C" integrated legend (no longer needed due to better description syntax); removed ineffective blank border frame. |
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