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An '''intelligent decision support system''' ('''IDSS''') is a [[decision support system]] that makes extensive use of [[artificial intelligence]] (AI) techniques. Use of AI techniques in [[management information systems]] has a long history – indeed terms such as "[[Knowledge-based systems]]" (KBS) and "intelligent systems" have been used since the early 1980s to describe components of management systems, but the term "Intelligent decision support system" is thought to originate with Clyde Holsapple and [[Andrew B. Whinston|Andrew Whinston]]<ref>Holsapple C.: Framework for a generalized intelligent decision support system (1977) PhD Thesis Purdue University</ref><ref>Holsapple C. & Whinston A.: Business expert systems (1987) McGraw-Hill</ref> in the late 1970s. Examples of specialized intelligent decision support systems include [[Flexible manufacturing system]]s (FMS),<ref>Chang, Jiang & Tang: The development of intelligent decision support tools to aid the design of flexible manufacturing systems (2000). International Journal of Production Economics, 65, 73-84</ref> intelligent marketing decision support systems<ref>Matsatsinis and Siskos (2002), Intelligent support systems for marketing decisions, Kluwer Academic Publishers</ref> and medical diagnosis systems.<ref>Walker D.: Similarity Determination and Case Retrieval in an Intelligent Decision Support System for Diabetes Management, MSCS Thesis, Ohio University, Computer Science (Engineering), 2007</ref>

Ideally, an intelligent decision support system should behave like a human consultant: [[decision support|supporting decision makers]] by gathering and analysing evidence, identifying and diagnosing problems, proposing possible courses of action and evaluating such proposed actions.  The aim of the AI techniques embedded in an intelligent decision support system is to enable these tasks to be performed by a computer, while emulating human capabilities as closely as possible.

Many IDSS implementations are based on [[expert systems]],<ref>Matsatsinis, N.F., Y. Siskos (1999), MARKEX: An intelligent decision support system for product development decisions, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 113, no. 2, pp. 336-354</ref> a well established type of KBS that encode knowledge and emulate the cognitive behaviours of human experts using predicate logic rules, and have been shown to perform better than the original human experts in some circumstances.<ref>Baron J.: Thinking and Deciding (1998) Cambridge University Press</ref><ref>Turban E., Volonio L., McLean E. and Wetherbe J.: Information Technology for Management (2009) Wiley</ref> [[Expert systems]] emerged as practical applications in the 1980s<ref>Jackson P.: Introduction to expert systems (1986) Addison-Wesley</ref> based on research in artificial intelligence performed during the late 1960s and early 1970s.<ref>Power, D.J. [http://DSSResources.COM/history/dsshistory.html A Brief History of Decision Support Systems], DSSResources.COM, World Wide Web, version 4.0, March 10, 2007</ref> They typically combine knowledge of a particular application domain with an [[inference]] capability to enable the system to propose decisions or diagnoses. Accuracy and consistency can be comparable to (or even exceed) that of human experts when the decision parameters are well known (e.g. if a common disease is being diagnosed), but performance can be poor when novel or uncertain circumstances arise.

Research in AI focused on enabling systems to respond to novelty and uncertainty in more flexible ways is starting to be used in IDSS. For example, [[intelligent agent]]s<ref>Sugumaran V.: Application of Agents and Intelligent Information Technologies (2007) IGI Publishing</ref><ref>Matsatsinis, N.F., P. Moraϊtis, V. Psomatakis, N. Spanoudakis (2003), An Agent-Based System for Products Penetration Strategy Selection, Applied Artificial Intelligence: An International Journal, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 901-925</ref> that perform complex [[cognition|cognitive tasks]] without any need for human intervention have been used in a range of decision support applications.<ref>Tung Bui, Jintae Lee, An agent-based framework for building decision support systems, Decision Support Systems, Volume 25, Issue 3, April 1999, Pages 225-237, ISSN 0167-9236, {{doi|10.1016/S0167-9236(99)00008-1}}.
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V8S-3W78JDC-5/2/661c947059e6a53c231c1469d7bef70d link to Elsevier]
</ref> Capabilities of  these intelligent agents include [[KQML|knowledge sharing]],  [[machine learning]], [[data mining]], and automated [[inference]]. A range of AI techniques such as [[case based reasoning]], [[rough set]]s<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://idss.cs.put.poznan.pl/site/research.html |title=Laboratory of intelligent decision support systems, Poznan |access-date=2010-02-26 |archive-date=2010-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605034001/http://idss.cs.put.poznan.pl/site/research.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[fuzzy logic]] have also been used to enable decision support systems to perform better in uncertain conditions.

A 2009 research about a multi-artificial system intelligence system named IILS is proposed to automate problem-solving processes within the logistics industry. The system involves integrating intelligence modules based on case-based reasoning, multi-agent systems, fuzzy logic, and artificial neural networks aiming to offer advanced logistics solutions and support in making well-informed, high-quality decisions to address a wide range of customer needs and challenges.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tse |first1=Y.K. |last2=Chan |first2=T.M. |last3=Lie |first3=R.H. |date=2009-01-01 |title=Solving Complex Logistics Problems with Multi-Artificial Intelligent System |journal=International Journal of Engineering Business Management |language=en |volume=1 |pages=1 |doi=10.5772/6781 |issn=1847-9790|doi-access=free |hdl=10397/89136 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Turban, E., Aronson J., & Liang T.: Decision support systems and Intelligent systems (2004) Pearson

==External links==
* [http://DSSResources.COM/history/dsshistory.html A brief history of DSS]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Intelligent Decision Support Systems}}
[[Category:Artificial intelligence]]
[[Category:Information systems]]
[[Category:Decision support systems]]
[[Category:Knowledge engineering]]