Admin: 1 revision imported

2025-03-22T06:37:56Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 23:37, 21 March 2025
(No difference)

wikipedia>MrSwedishMeatballs: /* World War I */

2025-03-13T02:38:00Z

World War I

New page

{{short description|French general}}
{{Infobox military person
|honorific_prefix = ''Général d'armée''
|name = Raymond Duval
|honorific_suffix =
|image =
|image_upright =
|alt =
|caption =
|native_name =
|native_name_lang =
|birth_name =
|other_name =
|nickname =
|birth_date = {{birth date|1894|09|19|df=yes}}
|birth_place = [[Montpellier]], [[France]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1955|08|22|1894|09|19|df=yes}}
|death_place = near [[Kasba Tadla]], [[Morocco]]
|placeofburial =
|placeofburial_label =
|placeofburial_coordinates = 
|allegiance =
*[[France]]
*[[Vichy France]]
*[[Free France]]
|branch =
*[[French Army]]
*[[Free French Army]]
|branch_label = Service
|serviceyears = 1914–1955
|serviceyears_label =
|rank = ''[[Army General (France)|Général d'armée]]''
|rank_label =
|servicenumber =
|unit =
|commands =
*159th [[Alpine Infantry]] Regiment
*[[3rd Algerian Infantry Division]]
*[[Constantine (departement)|Constantine]] ''[[Departments of France|departement]]''
*Supreme commander of troops in [[French Tunisia|Tunisia]]
*Supreme commander of troops in [[Morocco]]
|battles =
*[[World War I]]
*[[Battle of the Frontiers]]
*[[First Battle of the Marne]]
*[[First Battle of Champagne]]
*[[Second Battle of Champagne]]
*[[Battle of Verdun]]
*[[Battle of the Somme]]
*[[Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War]]
*[[High Atlas]] campaign
*[[World War II]]
*[[Battle of France]]
*[[Italian campaign (World War II)|Italian Campaign of World War II]]
*[[Operation Dragoon]]
*[[Vosges]] campaign
*Liberation of [[Siena]]
*[[Sétif and Guelma massacre|Sétif insurrection]]
|battles_label =
|awards = [[File:Legion Honneur GC ribbon.svg|55px]] Grand Cross of the [[Legion of Honour]]
|memorials =
|alma_mater =
|spouse = 
|children =
|relations =
|laterwork =
|signature =
|signature_size =
|signature_alt =
|website = 
|module =
}}
'''Raymond Francis Duval''' (19 September 1894 – 22 August 1955) was a French general who participated in both [[World War I]] and [[World War II]] and was supreme commander of French troops in [[Tunisia]] and [[Morocco]]. During his career, he brutally suppressed [[Sétif and Guelma massacre|the insurrection]] at [[Sétif]], [[French Algeria|Algeria]] in May 1945, resulting in the massacre of 6,000 to 45,000 Algerians.

==Biography==
===Early life===
Duval was born in [[Montpellier]], [[France]], on 19 September 1894, the son of a military officer. As a child, he studied at the ''[[Prytanée National Militaire]]'', a [[military school]] in [[La Flèche]]. He entered the French [[military academy]] at [[École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr|Saint-Cyr]] in 1912 and graduated as a ''sous-lieutenant'' ([[second lieutenant]]) on 2 August 1914, the day before France entered [[World War I]].

===World War I===
France and Germany exchanged [[Declaration of war|declarations of war]] on 3 August 1914 as World War I began. At the outset of the war, Duval participated in the [[Battle of the Frontiers]], and was taken prisoner by German forces at [[Maubeuge]] on 7 September 1914. He escaped on 13 September 1914 and joined the 9th [[Zouave]] [[Regiment]], with which he spent the rest of the war. He participated in the [[First Battle of the Marne]] in September 1914, and was seriously wounded on 16 September 1914. For his actions, he was made a Knight of the [[Legion of Honour]] at the age of 20 on 15 November 1914.

After several months of hospital care, he returned to the front and participated in the [[First Battle of Champagne]] (20 December 1914 – 17 March 1915), the [[Second Battle of Champagne]] (25 September–6 November 1915), and the early stages of the [[Battle of Verdun]], which began in February 1916. He was promoted to ''capitaine'' ([[captain]]) on 18 May 1916 and participated in the [[Battle of the Somme]] (1 July–18 November 1916), during which he was taken prisoner on 15 November 1916 in [[Saint-Pierre-Waast]]. While a [[prisoner of war]], he made three unsuccessful escape attempts. He finally succeeded in escaping on his fourth attempt on 16 October 1918, less than a month before the end of the war.

===Interwar period===
After World War I ended, Duval participated in the [[Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War|Allied intervention]] in the [[Russian Civil War]], serving in [[Siberia]] with the mission of General [[Maurice Janin]] until 20 June 1920. He served in [[Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon|Syria]] in 1921, then joined the 27th ''[[Chasseurs Alpins]]'' [[Battalion]] in [[Annecy]] in 1922. He studied at the ''École supérieure de guerre'' (French [[war college]]) from 1924 to 1926, then was assigned in 1926 to the staff of the 19th Army Corps in [[Algiers]], his first assignment in [[French Algeria|Algeria]]. He married on 1 June 1927. He was promoted to ''[[Commandant (rank)|commandant]]'' on 25 December 1932. Transferred to [[Fez, Morocco|Fez]] in [[French Morocco]], he participated in the [[High Atlas]] campaign at the end of the pacification of [[Morocco]]. From 1933 to 1935, he was deputy head of the [[List of French residents-general in Morocco|resident general's]] [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]] in French Morocco. From 1935 to 1939, he was on the [[general staff]] and supreme commander of troops in French Morocco.

===World War II===
[[World War II]] broke out in September 1939. Promoted to [[lieutenant colonel]] in December 1939, Duval was transferred to [[Metz]] to serve on the [[Maginot Line]] with the [[3rd Army (France)|3rd Army]]. During the [[Battle of France]], he was taken prisoner along with the general staff by the Germans on 22 June 1940, the day [[Armistice of 22 June 1940|France surrendered]] to [[Nazi Germany|Germany]]. He escaped to [[Vichy France]] soon after.

Serving in the [[army of Vichy France]], Duval was promoted to [[colonel]] on 25 September 1941, and left for [[Ankara]] as a [[military attaché]] in [[Turkey]]. Upon his return to France in October 1942, he took command of the 159th Alpine Infantry Regiment in [[Grenoble]]. After the [[Case Anton|German invasion of the unoccupied zone]] of France in November 1942, he entered the [[French Resistance]]. He escaped from France with General [[Alphonse Joseph Georges]] by plane on 20 May 1943 and joined the [[Free French]] forces. After various commands in [[French North Africa]], he was transferred in May 1944 to the [[French Expeditionary Corps (1943–44)|French Expeditionary Corps]] in [[Italy]] as commander of the [[Division (military)|divisional]] infantry of the [[3rd Algerian Infantry Division]], and during that tour of duty was promoted to ''[[Brigadier general|général de brigade]]'' on 25 June 1944. He liberated [[Siena]] in July 1944 while in command of the division. Landing in [[Provence]] in [[Operation Dragoon]] — the [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] invasion of southern France — in August 1944 with the French [[1st Army (France)|1st Army]], he advanced up the [[Rhône]] with his troops. He entered combat in the [[Vosges]] in December 1944.

===Setif insurrection===
On 8 March 1945, Duval was transferred to Algeria to serve as commander of the [[Constantine (departement)|Constantine]] ''[[Departments of France|departement]]'' there. On 8 May 1945, the day Germany surrendered to the Allies, bringing World War II to an end in Europe, riots began in [[Sétif]], west of [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]], and native Algerians began killing French settlers in the surrounding countryside of [[Sétif Province]]. Unrest also occurred in [[Guelma Province]]. In response, Duval carried out very harsh and controversial policing operations that became known as the [[Sétif and Guelma massacre]]. In a secret report to his commander General [[Henry Martin (general)|Henry Martin]], Duval said he'd bought time for the colonial government, but that they could not keep using brute force to suppress Algerian nationalists. Without reforms being enacted, Duval warned that not only Algerians would likely rise up in the future, they might triumph next time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-08 |title=Algeria remembers mass killings under French rule |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210508-algeria-remembers-mass-killings-under-french-rule |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref><blockquote>"I have secured you peace for 10 years. If France does nothing, it will all happen again, only next time it will be worse and may well be irreparable."</blockquote>

===Later career===
In November 1945, General [[Charles de Gaulle]] appointed Duval supreme commander of French troops in Tunisia. He served in that capacity until 1949, and was promoted to ''[[Divisional general|général de division]]'' on 20 August 1946. From 1949 to 1955, he was supreme commander of French troops in Morocco, and he was promoted to ''[[Army corps general|général de corps d'armée]]'' on 7 February 1951 and then to ''[[Army General (France)|général d'armée]]'' on 1 August 1954. He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor on 6 August 1955.

On 22 August 1955, while he was carrying out operations to maintain order after riots in [[Oued Zem]] and [[Khénifra]] in French Morocco, Duval died when his plane, which he flew himself, crashed near [[Kasba Tadla]] in the foothills of the Moroccan [[Atlas Mountains]]. By a ministerial decision of 20 September 1955, he was declared to have "died for France."

==Awards and honors==
*[[File:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|120px]] Knight of the [[Legion of Honour]]
*[[File:Legion Honneur GC ribbon.svg|120px]] Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour

== Bibliography ==
* [[Annie Rey-Goldzeiguer]], ''Aux origines de la guerre d'Algérie 1940-45'', éditions ''La Découverte'', 2002, pp. 330–334 (in French).

{{Authority control}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Duval, Raymond}}
[[Category:1894 births]]
[[Category:1955 deaths]]
[[Category:Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents]]
[[Category:École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr alumni]]
[[Category:French generals]]
[[Category:French mass murderers]]
[[Category:French military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:French Army generals of World War II]]
[[Category:Free French military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:French war criminals]]
[[Category:People of the Russian Civil War]]
[[Category:Politicide perpetrators]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1955]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Morocco]]
[[Category:Sétif and Guelma massacre]]

Raymond Duval - Revision history

Admin: 1 revision imported

wikipedia>MrSwedishMeatballs: /* World War I */