Icelandic Air Policing

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Icelandic Air Policing is a NATO operation conducted to patrol Iceland's airspace. As Iceland does not have an air force, in 2006 it requested that its NATO allies periodically deploy fighter aircraft to Keflavik Air Base to provide protection of its airspace. The first deployment of aircraft took place in May 2008.

Background[edit | edit source]

As Iceland does not maintain an air force, the country was left without means to patrol its airspace when the United States Air Force (USAF) ceased deploying fighter units to Keflavik Air Base in September 2006, and the U.S. Iceland Defense Force was withdrawn.[1][2] Following the American withdrawal Russian Air Force 37th Air Army aircraft entered Icelandic airspace on several occasions.[3]

Prime Minister Geir Haarde requested that Iceland's NATO allies assume responsibility for protecting Iceland's airspace during the Riga Summit in November 2006. The North Atlantic Council agreed to this request at its July 2007 meeting.[1] The other NATO member states who lack the ability to patrol their own airspace have similar arrangements in place.[4] In March 2008, Prime Minister Haarde denied that the air policing operation was targeting Russian aircraft, and stated that "It is going to be a general patrolling exercise. We consider Russia to be our friends, by the way."[5]

In contrast with the Baltic Air Policing mission, which involves the continuous presence of fighter aircraft from NATO countries at Šiauliai International Airport in Lithuania and Ämari Air Base in Estonia, the Icelandic government requested that NATO not maintain a permanent force at Keflavik.[1] Instead, an average of three deployments are made per year, with each lasting from three to four weeks.[6][7] Most deployments involve four fighter aircraft, though the number varies with some being larger.[7]

As of January 2013, NATO had re-designated the deployments to Iceland as being the "Airborne Surveillance and Interception Capabilities to meet Iceland's Peacetime Preparedness Needs" mission, and emphasised to reporters that it was focused on training rather than air policing.[8]

Since 2014 the aircraft deployed to Iceland have been placed on Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) status and flown armed patrols. While these tasks were not previously undertaken, it was decided to commence them in response to the deterioration in relations between Russia and NATO countries following the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation and the war in Donbas.[9]

In 2018, the deployments to Iceland came under the Allied Air Command and were controlled by NATO's northern Combined Air Operations Centre at Uedem in Germany.[10] The Combined Air Operations Centre manages NATO air policing north of the Alps, including by controlling the Baltic Air Policing operation.[11]

In March 2022 it was reported that the Icelandic government was considering whether a continuous air policing presence was required due to the increased threat resulting from the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Formal discussions of the matter had not yet taken place.[12]

Deployments[edit | edit source]

The following deployments have been made to Iceland:[13]

Dates Nationality Air Force Unit Aircraft Notes Reference
5 May – 30 June 2008 Template:FRA French Air Force EC 01.002 Cigognes 4 x Mirage 2000-5F Deployment had a strength of 110 personnel [14][15][16]
September 2008  United States United States Air Force 48th Fighter Wing ? x F-15C Eagle [17][18]
4 - 30 March 2009 Template:DEN Royal Danish Air Force 727 squadron, 730 squadron and Air Control Wing. 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon 48 personnel deployed [13][19][20]
? 2009 Template:NOR Royal Norwegian Air Force 338 skv & 331 skv ? x F-16AM Fighting Falcon [13][21][22]
? 2009  United States United States Air Force ? ? [13]
1 – 31 March 2010 Template:DEN Royal Danish Air Force 727 squadron, 730 squadron and Air Control Wing. 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon This deployment included two ground intercept controllers from the Estonian Defence Forces. [19][23][24]
1 – 25 June 2010 Template:GER German Air Force Jagdgeschwader 71 6 x F-4F Phantom II [25]
6 – 24 September 2010  United States United States Air Force 493rd Expeditionary Fighter Squadron, 48th Fighter Wing 8 x F-15C Eagle About 200 personnel deployed [26][27]
28 March – 30 April 2011 Template:CAN Royal Canadian Air Force 409 Tactical Fighter Squadron 5 x CF-18 Hornet About 140 personnel deployed [28][29]
? 2011 Template:NOR Royal Norwegian Air Force 331 skv ? x F-16AM Fighting Falcon [13][22]
? 2011  United States United States Air Force ? [13]
5 March – 2 April 2012 Template:GER German Air Force Jagdgeschwader 71 6 x F-4F Phantom II [30]
1 May – 7 June 2012  United States United States Air Force 493rd Expeditionary Fighter Squadron 4 X F-15C Eagle 1 x KC-135 Stratotanker & 1 x C-130J Hercules supported deployment [31][32][33]
7 August–20 September 2012 Template:PRT Portuguese Air Force 201 and 301 Squadrons 6 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon Detachment had a strength of 70 military personnel [34]
18 March – 28 April 2013 Template:CAN Royal Canadian Air Force 425 Tactical Fighter Squadron 6 x CF-18 Hornet Detachment consisted of 1 x CC-150 Polaris & 160 Canadian Forces personnel [35]
7 June – 10 July 2013 Template:ITA Italian Air Force 4° Stormo - 9° Gruppo 6 x Eurofighter Typhoon 2 x KC-767, 1 x C-130J Super Hercules and about 150 personnel deployed [36][37]
November 2013  United States United States Air Force 493rd Expeditionary Fighter Squadron, 48th Air Expeditionary Group 6 x F-15C Eagle
2 x Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker personnel deployed		 [38]
27 January – 21 February 2014 Template:NOR Royal Norwegian Air Force 338 skv & 331 skv 6 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon About 110 personnel deployed [39][40][21][22]
16 May – 5 June 2014  United States United States Air Force 48th Air Expeditionary Group 6 x F-15C Eagle 1 x Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker & about 200 personnel deployed [41][42]
10 October – 3 December 2014 Template:CZE Czech Air Force 211th Tactical Squadron 5 x JAS 39C Gripen 75 personnel deployed [43][44]
17 April 2015 –  United States United States Air Force 871st Air Expeditionary Squadron 4 x F-15C Eagle 1 x Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker and about 200 personnel deployed [45]
27 July – 28 August 2015 Template:CZE Czech Air Force 211th Tactical Squadron 5 x JAS 39C Gripen The detachment conducted 91 sorties, and included 8 pilots and 60 other personnel. [46][47]
31 August – 1 October 2015 Template:DEN Royal Danish Air Force ? 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon Detachment had a strength of 60 personnel

[48][49]

4–28 April 2016  United States Massachusetts Air National Guard 131st Fighter Squadron 4 x F-15C Eagle 1 x Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker and about 160 personnel deployed [50][51]
30 May 2016 – ?? Template:NOR Royal Norwegian Air Force ? 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon 4 weeks June 2016 / About 80 personnel deployed [52]
5 October – late October 2016 Template:CZE Czech Air Force 211th Tactical Squadron 5 x JAS 39C Gripen 75 personnel deployed [53][54]
16 March – 14 April 2017 Template:ITA Italian Air Force 4° Stormo 6 x Eurofighter Typhoon 145 personnel deployed for 3.011 million Euro [55][9]
18 May – Mid-June 2017 Template:CAN Royal Canadian Air Force 433 Tactical Fighter Squadron 6 x CF-18 Hornet Detachment consisted of 154 personnel [56]
23 August – Late September 2017  United States Florida Air National Guard 159th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron 6 x F-15C Eagle 1 x KC-135, 1 x KC-10 aircraft and personnel from both the Louisiana and Florida Air National Guard. Detachment included approximately 280 personnel. [57][58][59]
14 April 2018 - 30 May 2018 Template:DEN Royal Danish Air Force Esk 730 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon Approximately 60 personnel [48][60][61][62][63]
30 July - 31 August 2018  United States United States Air Force 493rd Expeditionary Fighter Squadron 14 x F-15C Eagle Included 300 personnel [64][65][66]
4 September – 5 October 2018 Template:ITA Italian Air Force 37° Stormo - 18° Gruppo 4 x Eurofighter Typhoon 120 personnel deployed [10][67]
11 March 2019 – 11 April 2019 Template:ITA Italian Air Force 36° Stormo - 10° Gruppo & 12° Gruppo 4 x Eurofighter Typhoon 130 personnel deployed [68][69][70][71]
29 July - 10 August 2019  United States United States Air Force 480th Fighter Squadron 5 x F-16C Over 100 personnel deployed [72][73]
1 – 25 October 2019 Template:ITA Italian Air Force 32° Stormo - 13° Gruppo 6 x F-35A Lightning II F-35's first Icelandic Air Policing deployment. 1 x KC-767 supported deployment [7][74][75][76]
13 November – 10 December 2019 Template:UK Royal Air Force No. 1 Squadron 4 x Eurofighter Typhoon Approximately 100 personnel [77][78][79][80]
21 February – March 2020 Template:NOR Royal Norwegian Air Force 332 Squadron 4 x F-35A Lightning II 130 military and civilian personnel [81][82]
9 June – mid-July 2020 Template:ITA Italian Air Force 32° Stormo - 13° Gruppo 6 x F-35A Lightning II 135 military personnel [83][84]
13 October 2020 - ?  United States United States Air Force 493rd Expeditionary Fighter Squadron, 48th Fighter Wing ? x F-15C Eagle [85]
22 February – 5 March 2021 Template:NOR Royal Norwegian Air Force 332 Squadron 4 x F-35A Lightning II 130 military personnel [86][87]
July 2021  United States United States Air Force 493rd Fighter Squadron, 48th Fighter Wing 3 x F-15C Eagle, 1 x F-15E Strike Eagle [88]
5 August 2021 – 10 October 2021 Template:POL Polish Air Force 32nd Air Base 4 x General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon 140 personnel [89]
1 February – 30 March 2022 Template:PRT Portuguese Air Force 301 Squadron 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon 155 military personnel [90][91]
25 April – 4 July 2022 Template:ITA Italian Air Force 32° Stormo - 13° Gruppo 4 x F-35A Lightning II
2 x F-35B Lightning II[92]		 130+ military personnel. F-35Bs deployed for one week; 1 x KC-767 & 1 x C-130J supported deployment.[93] [94][95][96]
17 August 2022 – Mid-September 2022 Template:DEN Royal Danish Air Force Esk 727 & Esk 730 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon [97][98]
20 January 2023 – 9 February 2023 Template:NOR Royal Norwegian Air Force 332 Squadron 4 x F-35A Lightning II Approximately 100 personnel [99][100][101][102]
22 October 2023 – 12 November 2023  United States United States Air Force 480th Fighter Squadron 4 x F-16C Approximately 100 personnel [103][104]
15 January – mid-February 2024 Template:NOR Royal Norwegian Air Force 331 Squadron 4 x F-35A Lightning II Approximately 100 personnel [105][106]
3 June 2024 – 17 June 2024  United States United States Air Force 492nd Fighter Squadron 4 x F-15E Strike Eagle 120 personnel [107][108]
5 August - 2 September 2024 Template:UK Royal Air Force 617 Squadron 4 x F-35B Lightning II 180 personnel [109][110][111][112]
January 2025 - February 2025 Template:FIN Finnish Air Force 11 Squadron 4 x F/A-18 Hornet 50 personnel [113][114]
Summer 2025 Template:CZE Czech Air Force 211th Tactical Squadron TBC x JAS 39C Gripen Approximately 95 personnel deployed [115]

A planned deployment of four British Royal Air Force Eurofighter Typhoons from No. 3 (F) Squadron in December 2008 was cancelled as a result of the Icesave dispute between Britain and Iceland.[116][117] Poland also cancelled a planned deployment of F-16 fighters to Iceland in 2010 due to the impact of the financial crisis of 2007–2010.[118] As part of the terms of an agreement signed in March 2019 between the British and Icelandic governments, the RAF was scheduled to undertake an air policing deployment to Iceland in 2019.[119]

Fighter aircraft deployed to Iceland are accompanied by NATO Boeing E-3 Sentry AWACS aircraft to enhance the Iceland Air Defence System radar network as well as other supporting aircraft as required.[4]

In addition to the NATO deployments, fighter aircraft from Finland and Sweden have also undertaken training in Iceland.[9]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

Template:Air forces in Europe Template:Air forces

External links[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 French Air Force in Iceland.  (2008-05-05)  Ministry for Foreign Affairs.  Retrieved from link
  2. ↑
  3. ↑
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Air Policing.  NATO Air Command Operations.  Retrieved from link
  5. ↑
  6. ↑ Iceland's Interests and a Responsible Foreign Policy (executive summary).  Össur Skarphéðinsson.  (14 May 2010)  Ministry of Foreign Affairs.  Retrieved from link
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2
  8. ↑
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Italy takes up NATO air patrols over Iceland.  (4 September 2018)  NATO.  Retrieved from Newsroom
  11. ↑ Combined Air Operations Centre Uedem.  NATO.  Retrieved 12 March 2022 from ac.nato.int
  12. ↑
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Iceland's "Peacetime Preparedness Needs".  Allied Command Operations.  Retrieved from link
  14. ↑
  15. ↑
  16. ↑ Allies Mark Ten Years of Safeguarding Icelandic Skies.  ac.nato.int.  Retrieved from link
  17. ↑ Four Danish F-16s deployed to Iceland.  Lieven Dewitte.  (5 March 2009)  F-16.net.  Retrieved from link
  18. ↑
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 F-16s in Operation Iceland Air Policing and Surveillance.  F-16.net.  Retrieved from link
  20. ↑ Learning from the F-16.  cms.polsci.ku.dk.  Retrieved from link
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 338th skvadron (RNoAF).  f-16.net.  Retrieved from link
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 331st skvadron (RNoAF).  f-16.net.  Retrieved from link
  23. ↑ Icelandic Air Policing and Surveillance (ISLAPS) for NATO – Royal Danish Air Force is doing it again!.  Kurt Hansen.  Headquarters Allied Air Command Ramstein.  Retrieved 2 October 2010 from link
  24. ↑
  25. ↑ German Air Force ensures protection of the Icelandic Airspace for the first time.  Headquarters Allied Air Command Ramstein.  Retrieved 3 October 2010 from link
  26. ↑ RAF Mildenhall Airmen fuel NATO's Icelandic Air Policing Mission.  Stephen Linch.  (21 September 2010)  Royal Air Force Lakenheath.  Retrieved 2 October 2010 from link
  27. ↑ COMUSAFE gets inside view of NATO's Icelandic Air Policing mission.  (27 September 2010)  www.lakenheath.af.mil.  Retrieved from link
  28. ↑ Operation IGNITION.  National Defence and the Canadian Forces.  Retrieved 24 May 2011 from link
  29. ↑ Canadian Hornets to conduct NATO's Icelandic Air Policing Mission at Keflavik.  Headquarters Allied Air Command Ramstein.  Retrieved 24 May 2011 from link
  30. ↑ Luftwaffe To Police Icelandic Airspace.  Nicholas Fiorenza.  Aviation Week.  Retrieved from link
  31. ↑ NATO mission calls for USAF teamwork.  (23 May 2012)  Retrieved from link
  32. ↑ Air Force, NATO fly to protect Iceland's air sovereignty.  Lyndsey Horn.  (23 May 2012)  US Air Force.  Retrieved 24 May 2012 from link
  33. ↑ EFS flies to protect Iceland's air sovereignty.  Lyndsey Horn.  (23 May 2012)  U.S. Air Forces in Europe.  Retrieved 24 May 2012 from link
  34. ↑ ICELAND Air Policing 2012.  Retrieved from link
  35. ↑ Operation Ignition 2013 to help protect Iceland's airspace.  (March 25, 2013)  National Defence and the Canadian Forces.  Retrieved March 25, 2013 from link
  36. ↑ Italian Typhoons providing NATO air defense capability to Iceland.  David Cenciotti.  (19 June 2013)  theaviationist.com.  Retrieved from link
  37. ↑
  38. ↑ USAF units combine to create 48th AEG in Iceland.  Dana J. Butler.  RAF Mildenhall.  Retrieved 6 January 2014 from link
  39. ↑ Norwegian jets take on NATO's peacetime preparedness mission over Iceland.  NATO.  Retrieved from link
  40. ↑ Luftforsvaret.  Retrieved from link
  41. ↑ US begins Icelandic Air Policing.  Retrieved 18 January 2015 from link
  42. ↑ Icelandic Air Policing rotation ends.  Retrieved 18 January 2015 from link
  43. ↑
  44. ↑
  45. ↑ US begins Icelandic Air Surveillance and Policing 2015.  Retrieved 28 April 2015 from link
  46. ↑ Letouny JAS-39 Gripen jsou z Islandu zpět v ČR.  (28 August 2015)  Czech Ministry of Defence.  Retrieved from link
  47. ↑
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Four F-16 Fighter Jets Coming.  (28 August 2015)  Retrieved from link
  49. ↑ Four F-16 Fighter Jets Coming.  (28 August 2015)  Retrieved from link
  50. ↑ Total Force arrives to patrol Icelandic skies.  U.S. Air Forces in Europe / Air Forces Africa.  Retrieved from link [permanent dead link‍]
  51. ↑
  52. ↑ Norway starting a four week deployment.  Retrieved from link
  53. ↑ Czech Air Force returns to Iceland for third NATO mission.  (26 September 2016)  Allied Air Command.  Retrieved from link
  54. ↑ Czech Gripen certified to scramble in Iceland.  (5 October 2016)  Allied Air Command.  Retrieved from link
  55. ↑ Six Italian Typhoons Are Deploying to Keflavik to Support NATO's Iceland Air Policing Mission.  (15 March 2017)  Retrieved from The Aviationist
  56. ↑
  57. ↑ 2017 TSP Iceland.  Retrieved from DVIDS
  58. ↑ Louisiana, Florida ANG F-15Cs deploy to Iceland in support of NATO.  (24 August 2017)  US Air Forces in Europe and Air Forces Africa.  Retrieved from Media release
  59. ↑ Louisiana, Florida ANG F-15Cs deploy to Iceland in support of NATO.  Retrieved from DVIDS
  60. ↑ Denmark deploys four F-16 fighters to safeguard the airspace of Iceland.  (9 February 2018)  Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark.  Retrieved from Media release
  61. ↑ Royal Danish Air Force safeguards Icelandic airspace.  (23 April 2018)  blogbeforeflight.net.  Retrieved from link
  62. ↑ Iceland Air Policing.  flymag.dk.  Retrieved from link
  63. ↑ F-16 Aircraft Database.  f-16.net.  Retrieved from link
  64. ↑ Reapers arrive in Iceland.  (31 July 2018)  lakenheath.af.mil.  Retrieved from link
  65. ↑ The Reapers return: NATO Icelandic Air Surveillance complete.  (31 August 2018)  lakenheath.af.mil.  Retrieved from link
  66. ↑
  67. ↑ Air Defence: Air Policing Mission in Iceland Concluded.  (5 October 2018)  difesa.it.  Retrieved from link
  68. ↑ Russian Bombers Re-Enter NATO Airspace Near Iceland.  (29 March 2019)  icelandreview.com.  Retrieved from link
  69. ↑
  70. ↑ Italian Eurofighters return from Iceland completing four-week NATO deployment.  (14 April 2019)  aviation-today.com.  Retrieved from link
  71. ↑ Italian Typhoons safeguard Icelandic airspace under NATO deployment.  (19 March 2019)  aviation-today.com.  Retrieved from link [permanent dead link‍]
  72. ↑ US, NATO allies team up for Icelandic Air Surveillance exercise.  (16 August 2019)  Retrieved from link
  73. ↑ Five F-16 Fighter Jets Expected Today.  (25 July 2019)  icelandmonitor.mbl.is.  Retrieved from link
  74. ↑ Italy first Ally to deploy F-35 fighter aircraft to NATO mission in Iceland.  Retrieved from link
  75. ↑
  76. ↑
  77. ↑
  78. ↑ Iceland Thanks RAF for NATO Air Policing Mission.  (10 December 2019)  raf.mod.uk.  Retrieved from link
  79. ↑ Royal Air Force Jets to Patrol Icelandic Skies for NATO.  (13 November 2019)  mod.uk.  Retrieved from link
  80. ↑ Iceland Thanks RAF for NATO Air Policing Mission.  (10 December 2019)  mod.uk.  Retrieved from link
  81. ↑
  82. ↑ Norway Will Solve Missions on Iceland with the Brand New F-35 Fighter Aircraft.  (30 January 2020)  highnorthnews.com.  Retrieved from link
  83. ↑
  84. ↑ Italian F-35 fighters arrive in Iceland for second NATO deployment.  (9 June 2020)  ac.nato.int.  Retrieved from link
  85. ↑ F-15s out of Lakenheath patrol the skies above Iceland.  (13 October 2020)  stripes.com.  Retrieved from link
  86. ↑ Norwegian Air Force F-35A Lightnings will deploy to Iceland for the second time.  (22 February 2021)  Retrieved from scramble.nl
  87. ↑
  88. ↑
  89. ↑
  90. ↑ FORÇA AÉREA INICIA MISSÃO NATO DE POLICIAMENTO AÉREO NA ISLÂNDIA.  Retrieved 27 February 2022 from emfa.pt
  91. ↑ Missing title.  Retrieved from link
  92. ↑
  93. ↑ Italian Air Force deploys F-35B jets to Iceland to boost Air Expeditionay capability.  Retrieved 10 October 2022 from blogbeforeflight.net
  94. ↑ Italy Supports NATO Collective Efforts With F-35a Deployment To Iceland.  Retrieved 27 February 2022 from ac.nato.int
  95. ↑ Italian Air Force F-35s Deploy To Iceland For Their Third NATO Icelandic Air Policing Mission.  Retrieved 27 February 2022 from theaviationist.com
  96. ↑ ITALY'S F-35 DETACHMENT IN ICELAND, "500 HOURS PROTECTING AIRSPACE IN HIGH NORTH".  Retrieved from ac.nato.int
  97. ↑ Fifth Royal Danish Air Force deployment to Iceland: Ready to secure the High North.  (17 August 2022)  NATO.  Retrieved 20 August 2022 from Allied Air Command
  98. ↑ Danish F16s Deploy to Iceland.  (23 August 2022)  Retrieved 5 October 2022 from key.aero
  99. ↑ Norway Ready For Third Deployment Of F-35 To Iceland.  Retrieved from ac.nato.int
  100. ↑ Iceland Air Policing 2023.  Retrieved from forsvaret.no
  101. ↑
  102. ↑ Norwegian F-35s wrap up their NATO deployment to Iceland.  Retrieved 16 February 2023 from dvidshub.net
  103. ↑ US fighter jets for Air Policing in Iceland.  Retrieved from link
  104. ↑ F-16s Deploy from Germany to Iceland for Air Policing Mission.  (24 October 2023)  Retrieved from airandspaceforces.com
  105. ↑ Norway Begins 2024 With F-35 Deployment to Iceland.  Retrieved from ac.nato.int
  106. ↑ Iceland Air Policing 2024.  (9 January 2024)  Retrieved from defense-aerospace.com
  107. ↑ Loftrýmisgæsla Atlantshafsbandalagsins hefst í vikunni.  Retrieved from link
  108. ↑ U.S. Air Force F-15E Police NATO Skies In The High North.  (13 June 2024)  Retrieved from ac.nato.int
  109. ↑ The Royal Air Force conducts air policing mission around Iceland.  (2 August 2024)  Government of Iceland.  Retrieved 6 August 2024 from Ministry for Foreign Affairs
  110. ↑
  111. ↑ RAF to police NATO's skies in Iceland following successful mission in Romania.  (9 August 2024)  Retrieved from raf.mod.uk
  112. ↑ Lightning strikes in the land of fire and ice as F-35s complete Icelandic mission.  (2 September 2024)  Retrieved from royalnavy.mod.uk/news
  113. ↑ Finland conducts its first NATO Air Policing Mission in Iceland.  (9 January 2025)  Government of Iceland.  Retrieved 9 January 2025 from Ministry for Foreign Affairs
  114. ↑ Finnish F/A-18 Hornets Arrive at Keflavik for First Icelandic Air Policing Deployment.  (26 January 2025)  Retrieved from theaviationist.com
  115. ↑ Czech Air Force will once again protect Iceland's airspace in 2025.  (21 November 2024)  Retrieved from gov.cz
  116. ↑
  117. ↑ UK cancels Typhoon's Icelandic air policing duty.  Craig Hoyle.  (25 November 2008)  Flight International.  Retrieved from flightglobal.com
  118. ↑ Polish military continues expeditionary focus.  Bartosz Glowacki.  (8 June 2010)  Flightglobal.  Retrieved from link
  119. ↑ UK and Iceland sign agreement on defence and security cooperation.  (26 March 2019)  Foreign & Commonwealth Office and The Rt Hon Jeremy Hunt MP.  Retrieved from GOV.UK
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