Raven Rock Mountain Complex
The Raven Rock Mountain Complex (RRMC), also known as Site R, is a top-secret U.S. military installation built into Raven Rock Mountain on the border of Pennsylvania and Maryland. It serves as an alternate command center for the Pentagon and is designed for continuity of government operations during national emergencies.
Background
Construction began in 1950, authorized by President Harry S. Truman. Engineers blasted out over 500,000 cubic yards of granite to create a deep underground facility comprising five three-story office buildings. The complex includes internal roads, parking, and full life support systems.
Alternate Designations
- Site R
- Alternate Joint Communications Center (AJCC)
- Alternate National Military Command Center (ANMCC)
- National Military Command Center - Raven Rock (NMCC-R)
- Underground Pentagon / Little Pentagon / Backup Pentagon
- USAG-RR (U.S. Army Garrison - Raven Rock)
Facilities and Infrastructure
The complex can support up to 3,000 personnel for at least 30 days while sealed. Facilities include:
- Power plants
- Water reservoirs
- Advanced ventilation systems
- Medical and dental clinic
- Fire department, post office, and dormitories
- Dining facility, snack bar, and Starbucks
- Barbershop, chapel, fitness center, and bowling alley
Current Role
RRMC supports the Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) for the Office of the Secretary of Defense and Joint Staff. It includes:
- Emergency operations centers
- Secure worldwide communications networks
- Training and relocation centers for DOD leadership
Strategic Significance
The site is built for survival in nuclear scenarios and is hardened against electromagnetic pulses and direct attacks. It features:
- Self-sufficient power and communication systems
- Biometric and multilayer security
- Structural reinforcements and blast doors
Historical and Global Impact
RRMC has influenced the architecture and policies of secure command centers worldwide. Its continued upgrades ensure it remains a cornerstone of U.S. strategic defense operations.
