Yaw Torque

Yaw rate sensors are used in aircraft to measure yaw rate, the angular velocity around the plane’s vertical axis. Yaw rate directly relates to lateral acceleration of the plane as it turns at a constant speed around a radius. Refer to the Pilot’s Operating Handbook for your aircraft to view the checklist step for the yaw damper. An example of yaw is a plane’s motion as it swings back and forth across its flight path.

Definition

Yaw torque refers to the forces and moments that cause or resist the rotation of an aircraft around its vertical axis (yaw).

Causes of Yaw Torque

• Engine Torque: The engine's torque, especially in single-engine propeller-driven aircraft, can cause a left-turning tendency due to the propeller's clockwise rotation.
• P-factor: Unequal thrust from the propeller blades, particularly in the forward or retreating blade during a turn, can create yawing moments.
• Slipstream: The airflow from the propeller can impact the vertical stabilizer, causing a left-turning tendency.

Effect on Flight

Yaw torque can make it difficult for the pilot to maintain a straight flight path and can affect the effectiveness of turns.

Controlling Yaw Torque

Pilots use the rudder, along with the ailerons, to compensate for and control yaw torque, ensuring a stable and predictable flight path.

Historical Context

Early Aviation

The Wright brothers’ early aircraft, like the 1902 and 1903 models, demonstrated the importance of yaw control, achieving it through a movable rudder.

Understanding Yaw and Yaw Torque

As aviation progressed, researchers and pilots increasingly understood the various factors that contribute to yaw torque, including engine torque, P-factor, and slipstream.

Advanced Control Systems

Modern aircraft utilize advanced control systems, such as yaw dampers, to further enhance yaw stability and control.