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Identification Friend or Foe (IFF)	IFF is a radar-based system used in military and civilian aviation to identify aircraft as friendly or unknown. Transponders transmit coded signals to air traffic control and military defense systems, allowing for quick identification. It helps prevent friendly fire incidents and ensures airspace security.
Idle Thrust	Idle thrust is the minimum engine power setting required to sustain operation without producing significant thrust. It is used during taxiing, descent, and when reducing speed in flight. Managing idle thrust efficiently conserves fuel and prevents unnecessary engine wear.
ILS (Instrument Landing System)	The Instrument Landing System is a precision approach aid using radio signals to guide aircraft to a safe landing. It provides lateral (localizer) and vertical (glide slope) guidance, ensuring safe descents in low visibility conditions. ILS is widely used at major airports worldwide.
ILS Critical Area	The ILS critical area is a zone near the runway where vehicle or aircraft presence could interfere with the instrument landing system signals. Air traffic controllers restrict movement in this area during low-visibility landings.
IMC (Instrument Meteorological Conditions)	IMC refers to weather conditions where pilots must rely on instruments rather than visual cues to navigate. This includes flying in clouds, fog, or heavy precipitation. IMC conditions require an instrument rating and adherence to IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) for safe flight.
Ignition System	The ignition system in an aircraft engine initiates combustion by generating a high-voltage spark in the cylinders. It ensures reliable engine startup and smooth operation during flight.
In-Flight Entertainment (IFE)	In-flight entertainment consists of entertainment systems installed in passenger aircraft, offering movies, music, games, and internet connectivity. It enhances passenger comfort on long-haul flights, improving the overall travel experience.
In-Flight Icing	In-flight icing occurs when supercooled water droplets freeze on an aircraft's surfaces. Ice buildup on wings, propellers, or control surfaces can reduce performance and increase drag. De-icing and anti-icing systems are used to prevent dangerous icing conditions.
Indicated Airspeed (IAS)	Indicated airspeed is the speed read directly from an aircraft’s airspeed indicator without corrections for altitude or temperature. It is crucial for safe flight operations, as many aircraft performance parameters, such as stall speed, are based on IAS rather than true airspeed.
Indian Ocean Flight Corridor	A designated air traffic route over the Indian Ocean used primarily for long-haul flights between Asia, Africa, and Australia. This corridor is managed by international aviation authorities to ensure efficient and safe airspace utilization.
Induced Drag	Induced drag is a byproduct of lift generation, occurring when high-pressure air below the wing meets low-pressure air above it, creating vortices at the wingtips. It increases at lower speeds and is most significant during takeoff and landing.
Inert Gas System (IGS)	An inert gas system prevents fuel tank explosions by replacing oxygen with non-combustible gases such as nitrogen. It is used in commercial and military aircraft to enhance safety by reducing the risk of combustion in fuel tanks.
Initial Approach Fix (IAF)	The Initial Approach Fix is a designated point where an aircraft transitions from the en-route phase to the approach phase of a landing procedure. It is a critical part of instrument approaches, ensuring a smooth descent toward the runway.
Inner Marker (IM)	Part of the ILS system, the inner marker provides a final approach alert when an aircraft is very close to the runway. It emits a high-pitched sound in the cockpit, helping pilots judge altitude and descent during low-visibility landings.
Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP)	An IAP is a standardized method for aircraft to approach and land at an airport using only instruments. These procedures ensure safety during poor visibility and involve a series of predetermined altitude and heading adjustments.
Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)	IFR is a set of regulations governing aircraft operations when pilots must rely on instruments due to poor visibility. IFR flights follow specific routes, altitude assignments, and air traffic control instructions to maintain separation and ensure safety.
Instrument Panel	The instrument panel is the cockpit display that provides pilots with essential flight data, including altitude, airspeed, engine performance, and navigation information. It is the primary interface for monitoring and controlling an aircraft during flight.
Integrated Avionics	Integrated avionics refers to advanced aircraft systems that combine multiple electronic functions, such as navigation, communication, and flight management, into a single system. These reduce pilot workload and improve overall aircraft performance.
Integrated Flight Deck	An integrated flight deck refers to a modern cockpit design where multiple systems, such as navigation, autopilot, and communication, are fully interconnected. It improves efficiency, automation, and pilot situational awareness.
Integrated Standby Instrument System (ISIS)	ISIS is a backup display that consolidates multiple essential flight instruments, such as airspeed, altitude, and attitude indicators, into a single unit. It provides redundancy in case of primary instrument failure.
Intake Manifold	The intake manifold is a component in aircraft piston engines that distributes the air-fuel mixture to the cylinders. Proper intake manifold design ensures efficient combustion and optimal engine performance.
Intercooler	An intercooler is a heat exchanger used in aircraft turbocharged engines to reduce the temperature of compressed air before it enters the engine. This improves efficiency and prevents overheating, especially in high-performance aircraft.
Interference Drag	Interference drag is an aerodynamic force that occurs when airflow from different aircraft surfaces, such as wings and fuselage, meets at sharp angles. It increases overall drag and reduces efficiency, requiring careful design to minimize its effects.
Intermittent Fault	An intermittent fault in an aircraft system is a failure that occurs sporadically rather than continuously. These faults can be difficult to diagnose, requiring extensive troubleshooting and monitoring to identify root causes.
Intercept Course	An intercept course is a flight path designed to bring one aircraft into alignment with another, often used in military operations, air traffic control instructions, or navigation adjustments.
International Air Transport Association (IATA)	IATA is a global trade association that represents airlines, helping standardize airline policies, regulations, and safety procedures. It plays a significant role in aviation operations, including baggage handling, ticketing, and international airspace coordination.
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)	ICAO is a United Nations agency responsible for establishing international aviation regulations, airspace management, and safety standards. It ensures consistent operational guidelines across countries to promote safe and efficient global air travel.
Intermediate Approach Segment	The intermediate approach segment is the phase between the initial approach fix and the final approach fix during an instrument approach. It allows for aircraft stabilization before the final descent, ensuring a controlled and precise landing.
Inertial Navigation System (INS)	An INS is a self-contained navigation system that uses accelerometers and gyroscopes to track an aircraft’s movement without external signals. It provides accurate positioning in GPS-denied environments and is essential for military and long-range commercial operations.
Inflight Refueling	Also known as aerial refueling, this is the process of transferring fuel from one aircraft to another in flight. It extends the range and endurance of military and special operations aircraft, allowing them to remain airborne for extended periods without landing.	Inflight Refueling